(I-540) Chemoprophylactic Anticoagulation Following Lumbar Surgery Significantly Reduces Thromboembolic Events After Instrumented Fusions, Not Decompressions

Introduction: Chemoprophylactic anticoagulation (chemoprophylaxis) is commonly used to prevent venous thromboembolic events (VTE) after lumbar surgery. However, the treatment effect of chemoprophylaxis has not been reported among spine surgery patients, as conventional statistical methods preclude such inferences.

Methods: 1243 consecutive lumbar fusions and 1433 non-instrumented lumbar decompressions performed at our institution over a six-year period were identified, and clinical and demographic data were collected, including on VTE events within 30 days postoperatively. Instrumented lumbar fusions and non-instrumented lumbar surgeries were analyzed separately. Patients who were given chemoprophylaxis (treatment) and controls were matched according to known VTE risk factors, including age, body mass index, sex, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, history of VTE, estimated blood loss, length of surgery, transfusion, whether surgery was staged, and whether surgery used an anterior approach. K-nearest neighbor propensity score matching was performed, and the treatment effect of chemoprophylaxis was calculated.

Results: Unadjusted, there was no difference in the rate of VTE between treatment and controls in either population. Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics differed significantly between treatment and control groups. 575 lumbar fusion patients and 435 non-instrumented lumbar decompression patients were successfully propensity score matched, yielding balanced models (Rubin's B < 25, 0.560% reduction in known bias for both populations. The treatment effect of chemoprophylaxis for lumbar fusion patients was a 5.1% reduction in VTE incidence (p < 0.05), and propensity score adjusted regression confirmed a reduced odds of VTE with chemoprophylaxis (OR=0.37, p=0.035). The treatment effect was not statistically significant for non-instrumented lumbar surgery patients.

Conclusion : Among patients undergoing instrumented lumbar fusions, chemoprophylactic anticoagulation causes a 5.1% decrease in VTE, but causes no significant reduction in VTE among patients undergoing non-instrumented lumbar surgery.

How to Improve Patient Care: Quantify any reduction in VTE from chemoprophylaxis allows it to be used appropriately after surgery.