Introduction: Urologic cancers (UroCa) are among the most common cancers in the United States (U.S). Prior research has shown a difference in UroCa incidence between Asians in their native countries and those who migrated to the U.S. and their descendents. The impact of country of residence on UroCa incidence remains unclear. This study aims to fill in the gap by comparing the incidence of UroCa between Chinese Americans and Mainland Chinese from 1990 to 2012. Methods: Yearly Segi age-adjusted incidence of prostate, testis, kidney, and bladder cancers from 1990-2012 were extracted from Global Cancer Observatory for mainland Chinese and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program's Detailed Asian/Pacific Islanders database for Chinese Americans. Incidence rates of each cancer were compared between mainland Chinese and Chinese Americans using Mann-Whitney U tests. Incidence trends over time in Chinese Americans, mainland Chinese, and ratio of Chinese Americans to mainland Chinese were analyzed by Spearman correlation with significance level 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Results: Median prostate cancer incidence rate per 100,000 men was greater in Chinese Americans (35.0) than mainland Chinese (12.0). Chinese Americans (30.1) also had higher rates of testicular cancers than mainland Chinese (16.9). There were no differences in kidney or bladder cancer incidences for either sex. Over time, Chinese Americans had an increased incidence of female kidney cancers (r=.575). Mainland Chinese had increased rates of prostate (r=.995), testicular (r=.551), male kidney (r=.976), and female kidney cancer (r=.950). Mainland Chinese had decreased incidence of male (r=-.803) and female (r=-.837) bladder cancer. Compared to mainland Chinese, Chinese Americans had an increasing rate of bladder cancer in males (r=.485) and decreasing rate of kidney cancer in males (r=-.873) and females (r=-.564). Conclusions: Despite sharing a common genetic background, Chinese Americans had higher risk of prostate and testicular cancers compared to mainland Chinese. This suggested that cultural or environmental factors, which are associated with change of residency may contribute to UroCa development in the U.S. More research is needed to elucidate these contributing factors. SOURCE OF Funding: New York Academy of Medicine, Ferdinand C. Valentine Medical Student Research Grants In Urology. Chinese American Medical Society, Summer Research Fellowship Scholarship.
