Laboratory Research
Collagen-based grafts are widely used for the management of wounds. Many of these products are derived from animals; whereas, placental extracellular matrix (PECM*) is a particulate product composed of human placental disc tissue. The intended use for PECM is to replace or supplement damaged or inadequate integumental tissue; therefore, processing techniques were developed with the intent of preserving the inherent properties of the extracellular matrix. This study characterized PECM structure, handling characteristics and extracellular matrix components. Key structural proteins were identified and handling properties evaluated. Additionally, ex vivo and in vivo models were used to demonstrate PECM supported cellular infiltration.
Methods:
The placental disc was processed using a proprietary method. Immunohistochemistry identified the individual components comprising PECM. Scanning electron microscopy was performed using a JEOL NeoScope II. Evaluation of handling properties was conducted by conversion of the dry particulate to a malleable paste through incubation with various ratios of saline. Cellular infiltration was assessed in an ex vivo human skin model and confirmed in a murine subcutaneous implant model, where PECM was surgically placed in a subcutaneous pocket on the dorsum. H&E staining of cross-sectional tissue samples, from each model, were analyzed for the integration of cell nuclei within the implant.
Results:
Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that type I and type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin are highly abundant in processed PECM, while elastin was present in very small quantities. With the addition of saline, the consistency of PECM went from a light dry powder to a paste, demonstrating flexibility in form factor, suitable for various applications. Both ex vivo and in vivo systems confirmed infiltration of cells from the surrounding tissue.
Discussion:
PECM is a human placental extracellular matrix particulate intended for the replacement or supplementation of damaged or inadequate integumental tissue. The structural matrix components of PECM provide a scaffold that facilitates the infiltration of surrounding cells. PECM is conducive for use in large wounds or irregular geometries. The dry particulate may be applied directly or, with the addition of saline, a paste can conform to the intricacies of the wound bed.
Trademarked Items: *AXIOFILL ECM Particulate, MIMEDX Group Inc. Marietta, GA
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