We need to be able to answer the most important and fundamental questions that we face in the field of gifted education. What is giftedness? How should we identify students as gifted? How can we best meet the needs of gifted students in K-12 educational settings? However, the most fundamental questions that our field faces are also the most difficult to answer. This talk provides an overview of some of our field’s most important unanswered questions and discusses the inherent challenges of conducting research in gifted education. Finally, I will provide thoughts about how researchers might begin to answer some of the most critical questions in the field of gifted education.