4 - Posterior Ankle: achilles Tendon - Pathology and Treatment

The intent of this lecture is to provide an evidence-based overview of posterior ankle (Achilles) tendon injury, and related rehabilitation approaches. Most Achilles tendon injuries may be managed non-operatively.  Achilles injury commonly occurs after excessive load on the tendon often accompanied by other factors predisposing to tendon disease. Achilles tendinopathy can be commonly diagnosed using history and physical examination alone, with pain being the primary presentation.   Both musculoskeletal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging can be used diagnostically, and to guide both nonsurgical and surgical treatment.