1 - Definition, Epidemiology, and Pathophysiology of Trauma

Many individuals admitted to inpatient rehabilitation units have sustained an injury related to physical or psychological trauma. This may result in an array of emotional, cognitive, and somatic symptoms and diagnoses of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prevalence rates vary, but PTSD and depression after stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury are reported to be higher compared to the general population. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is an approach that recognizes the impact of trauma, decreases retraumatization, and creates a safe environment. This includes, but certainly is not limited to, collaboration with patients and caregivers, partnership across healthcare systems and in the community, and implementation of a behavioral plan. The integration of TIC can improve screening and treatment planning and is of benefit not only to patients, but also families, staff, and communities.